Hepatitis B

What is Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B is a viral liver infection that can lead to serious problems like liver damage, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. Some people recover fully, while others may carry the virus long term.

How is it Spread? 

• Through infected blood or bodily fluids 
• Unprotected sex with an infected person 
• Sharing needles, razors, or toothbrushes 
• From mother to baby during birth 
• Not spread through casual contact, food, or water 

Who is at Risk? 

• Travellers to areas with high hepatitis B rates 
• Healthcare, dental, and emergency workers 
• People with multiple sexual partners 
• Those who share needles or syringes 
• Babies born to mothers with hepatitis B 

Signs and Symptoms: 

• Tiredness, fever, nausea 
• Abdominal pain 
• Dark urine, pale stools 
• Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) 
• Often no symptoms in some people 

When to Consider Vaccination: 

• Before travel to high-risk areas 
• For healthcare or emergency workers 
• If you’re at higher personal risk (e.g., drug use, unprotected sex) 
• If you have certain medical conditions 

The Vaccine: 

• 3-dose series over a few months 
• Combined Hep A & B vaccine also available 
• Booster doses for those at long-term risk 
• Safe and effective with long-lasting protection