Japanese Encephalitis
What is Japanese Encephalitis?
Japanese Encephalitis is a viral brain infection spread by mosquitoes in Asia and the Western Pacific. Severe cases can lead to brain swelling, disability, or death.
How is it Spread?
- By the bite of an infected mosquito
- Mosquitoes breed near rice fields, pig farms, and water
- Not spread person to person
Who is at Risk?
- Travellers to rural and farming areas in Asia and the Western Pacific
- People spending long periods outdoors (e.g., camping, hiking)
- Workers in contact with pigs or water birds
- Long-term travellers (1 month+ stays)
Signs and Symptoms:
- Most cases have no symptoms
- Severe cases: high fever, headache, vomiting
- Stiff neck, confusion, seizures, paralysis
- Can cause long-term brain damage or death
When to Consider Vaccination:
- Before long trips (1 month+) to high-risk areas
- If spending time in rural or agricultural areas
- For outdoor adventure activities (trekking, camping)
- For work in labs or healthcare with virus exposure
The Vaccine:
- 2-dose series (28 days apart)
- Booster may be needed for ongoing risk
- Safe and well-tolerated
- Suitable from 2 months of age
Do
- Get vaccinated if you’re travelling to rural or high-risk areas for 1+ month
- Use mosquito repellent, wear long clothing, and sleep under nets
- Complete the full vaccine course before travel (ideally 4–6 weeks in advance)
Do not
- Assume city travel means zero risk — mosquitoes can still be present
- Rely solely on the vaccine for protection — prevention is still essential
- Start the vaccine schedule too late to build immunity before departure