Tick-Borne Encephalitis
What is Tick-Borne Encephalitis?
Tick-Borne encephalitis is a viral infection that can cause serious swelling of the brain and spinal cord. It is found in parts of Europe and Asia, particularly in rural and forested areas.
How is it Spread?
- Through the bite of an infected tick
- Rarely by drinking unpasteurised milk from infected animals
- Ticks are most active in spring and summer
Who is at Risk?
- Travellers to TBE-endemic regions (Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe, Russia, parts of Asia)
- Hikers, campers, cyclists, and outdoor workers
- People spending time in forests, grasslands, or rural areas
Signs and Symptoms:
- Early: fever, headache, tiredness, muscle aches
- Severe: high fever, stiff neck, confusion, sensitivity to light
- Possible long-term nerve and brain complications
When to Consider Vaccination:
- Before travelling to risk areas, especially in tick season
- For outdoor activities like hiking or camping
- If working in forestry, farming, or field research
The Vaccine:
- 2–3 dose series for full protection
- Booster every 3–5 years if at ongoing risk
- Safe and well-tolerated
Do
- Get vaccinated if hiking, camping, or spending time outdoors in high-risk areas (e.g. Central/Eastern Europe)
- Wear long sleeves and trousers, and use insect repellent on skin and clothing
- Check for ticks on your body and clothing daily when in affected areas
Do not
- Assume ticks are only a summer issue — some regions have longer risk periods
- Walk through tall grass or forests without protection
- Remove ticks improperly — always use tweezers and clean the area afterwards