Hepatitis B (Children)
What is Hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver. While many children show no symptoms, the virus can stay in the body long term and lead to liver damage, cirrhosis, or even liver cancer later in life.
How is it Spread?
- Through infected blood or bodily fluids
- From mother to baby during birth
- Through shared items like toothbrushes or cuts from contaminated objects
- Not spread through food, water, or everyday contact
Who is at Risk?
- Babies born to mothers with hepatitis B
- Children travelling to high-risk countries
- Those living with someone who has hepatitis B
- Children with certain medical conditions or weakened immune systems
Signs and Symptoms:
- Tiredness, fever, nausea
- Abdominal pain, dark urine, pale stools
- Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
- Many children may have no symptoms but still carry the virus
When to Consider Vaccination:
- At birth or during early childhood (part of routine schedule in many countries)
- Before travel to high-risk areas
- If the child is at increased medical or household risk
The Vaccine:
- Given as a series of 3 doses over several months
- Offers long-term protection against hepatitis B
- Safe, well tolerated, and sometimes given in combination with hepatitis A
Do
- Ensure your child receives all scheduled doses for full protection
- Talk to your healthcare provider early if travelling with an infant or young child
- Teach children not to share items like toothbrushes or nail clippers
Do not
- Assume one dose is enough without completing the full course
- Wait until just before travel to start the vaccine course
- Ignore the need for vaccination just because your child isn’t sexually active