HPV – Human Papilloma Virus
What is HPV?
HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is a very common virus that can cause genital warts and certain types of cancer, including cervical, throat, and anal cancers.
How is HPV Spread?
It spreads through close skin-to-skin contact, mostly during sexual activity (vaginal, oral, or anal sex), even if the infected person has no symptoms.
Who is at Risk?
- Anyone who is sexually active
- People with multiple sexual partners
- Individuals with weakened immune systems
- Men who have sex with men
- Unvaccinated individuals
Signs and Symptoms
- Often no symptoms
- Genital warts
- Cell changes (detected through cervical screening)
- In some cases, can lead to cancer
When to Consider Vaccination:
- For all children aged 12–13 as part of routine school vaccinations
- Catch-up vaccines for anyone up to age 25
- MSM (men who have sex with men) up to age 45
- People with weakened immune systems
- Travellers at risk of reduced access to screening or care
The Vaccine:
The HPV vaccine (Gardasil 9) protects against several high-risk HPV types. It is safe, typically given in 1-2 doses depending on age and health, and offers strong protection against HPV-related diseases.
Do
- Get vaccinated ideally before becoming sexually active, typically during adolescence
- Complete the full course (2 or 3 doses depending on age) for best protection
- Talk to a healthcare provider about vaccinating both boys and girls
Do not
- Wait until you’re older or sexually active — earlier is better
- Miss or delay follow-up doses once started
- Assume HPV is only a concern for girls or women