Tuberculosis
What is Tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that mainly affects the lungs but can also involve other parts of the body. It can be serious and life-threatening if not treated.
How is it Spread?
- Through coughing, sneezing, or talking
- Only spreads through prolonged close contact
- Not spread by touching or sharing food/drinks
Who is at Risk?
- People living in or travelling to high-risk countries
- Those in crowded or poorly ventilated places
- Healthcare workers and carers
- People with a weakened immune system
- Close contacts of someone with active TB
Signs and Symptoms:
- Persistent cough (3+ weeks)
- Coughing up blood
- Chest pain
- Weight loss, night sweats, fever
- Fatigue and loss of appetite
- Other symptoms depend on the body part affected
When to Consider Vaccination:
- Before travel to high-risk countries
- For babies and children in at-risk communities
- Healthcare and social care workers
- People at high risk due to medical conditions
The Vaccine:
- BCG vaccine (single injection)
- Prevents severe forms of TB
- Most effective in young children
- Not part of routine vaccination for everyone but recommended for high-risk groups
Do
- Get the BCG vaccine if you’re travelling to or living in a country with high TB rates
- Vaccinate infants and young children if they’ll spend extended time in high-risk countries
- Seek medical advice if you’ve been in close contact with someone with active TB
Do not
- Assume TB risk is low just because you’re staying in an urban area
- Delay vaccination if eligible — BCG is most effective before exposure
- Ignore a prolonged cough or unexplained weight loss after travel